Following the end of WWII, the Brazilian government bought 350 used M3 Light tanks from the United States. As the decades passed, the tank's obsolescence became increasingly obvious. During the 1970s, the local Bernardini vehicle manufacturing company sought to upgrade the fleet of light tanks to modern standards. This produced the "X1A" program, which spawned three noteworthy designs.
The first was the X1A, which emerged in 1973. While the chassis of the M3 Light was retained, the upper hull was completely redesigned. The engine was a diesel Saab-Scania which could output 280 horsepower, and it mounted the rifled 90 mm DEFA D-921F1 (later known as the GIAT F1) gun. This was a low-pressure weapon which could fire HEAT, HESH, and APFSDS ammunition. The tank also received an all new turret and 80 models would be produced. The modernization started in 1975 and ended in 1978.
This tank is functionally a shorter, stock version of the X1A2.
Guns: 90 mm DEFA D-921F1
Engines: Saab-Scania D223L (280 hp)
Turrets (Turret Armor (mm)): X1A (??/??/??)
Turrets (Turret Armor (mm)): X1A (??/??/??)
Suspensions/Alternate Hulls, Total Weight (metric tons): X1A (15)
Hull Armor (mm): 20/??/??
Top Speed: 55 km/h
Crew: 3 (Driver; Gunner; Commander/Radio/Loader)
See Also: X1A2
Sources:
See Also: X1A2
Sources:
https://www.militaryfactory.com/armor/detail.asp?armor_id=861
http://www.tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar/Brazil/Bernardini-X1A.php
Chant, Christopher. A Compendium of Armaments and Military Hardware (Routledge Revivals), 2014
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